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医療被ばくの線量

医療被ばくにおける一般的な線量のレベル 

1. 一般撮影の被ばく線量レベル

 放射線診断 実効線量 [mSv] [1]  主な被ばく臓器と臓器線量 [mGy]  参考文献
 頭部X線(AP)  ~0.02  脳  0.46  [2]
 胸部X線(Chest PA)  0.02-0.3  肺  0.14
 0.16
 [3]
 [4]
 腹部X線(AP)  0.2-1  胃  0.23
 0.43
 [3]
 [4]
 胸椎X線(AP)  0.4-1  肺  0.46
 0.79
 [4]
 [3]
 腰椎X線(AP)  0.2-1.5  胃  0.51
 1.10
 [4]
 [3]
 四肢X線(下腿AP)  <~0.001  赤色骨髄  0.00002  [4]
 マンモグラフィ  ~0.4  乳腺(平均乳腺線量)  1.8  [5]
 バリウム検査  ~2  胃  5.1  [6]

[1] UNSCEAR 2008 Report, 2008.
[2] 川浦稚代等. 人体ファントム線量測定に基づいた各種頭部X線検査における患者の臓器線量および実効線量評価. Radioisotopes 54, 55-66, 2005.
[3] 丸山隆司等. X線診断による臓器・組織線量、実効線量および集団実効線量.Radioisotopes 45, 761-773, 1996.
[4] Kawaura C et al. Organ and effective dose evaluation in diagnostic radiology based on in-phantom dose measurements with novel photodiode-dosemeters. Rad. Prot. Dosim. 118 421-430, 2006.
[5] 最新の国内実態調査結果に基づく診断参考レベルの設定.http://www.radher.jp/J-RIME/report/DRLhoukokusyo.pdf
[6] Maruyama T et al. Determinations of organ or tissue doses and collective effective dose equivalent from diagnostic X ray examinations in Japan. Rad. Prot. Dosim. 43 213-216, 1992.

2. CT撮影の被ばく線量レベル

 放射線診断 実効線量 [mSv] [1]  主な被ばく臓器と臓器線量 [mGy]  参考文献
 頭部CT  ~2  脳  53.5 [7] 
 胸部CT  2-12  肺  20.9 [8] 
 腹部CT  3-1  胃  21.0 [9] 
 骨盤CT  6-16  結腸  19.2 [10] 

[1] UNSCEAR 2008 Report, 2008.
[7] Yamauchi-Kawaura C et al. Radiation dose evaluation in multidetector-row CT imaging for acute stroke with an anthropomorphic phantom. Br. J. Radiol. 83, 1029-1041, 2010.
[8] Fujii K et al. Comparative evaluation of organ and effective doses for paediatric patients with those for adults in chest and abdominal CT examinations. Br. J. Radiol. 80, 657–667, 2007.
[9] Nishizawa K et al. Patient dose estimation on multi-detectorrow CT from abdomen for adult and abdomen-pelvis for child examinations. Jpn. J. Med. Phys. 27, 153–162, 2008.
[10] Nishizawa K et al. Determinations of organ doses and effective dose equivalents from computed tomographic examination. Br. J. Radiol. 64, 20–28, 1991.

3. 核医学検査の被ばく線量レベル

核医学検査 平均実効線量 [mSv] [1] 投与量 [MBq] [11] 主な被ばく臓器と臓器線量 [mGy]   参考文献
 骨シンチ
99mTc-MDP)
 5.1  710 赤色骨髄   6.5  [12]
 心筋シンチ
201TICI)
 46.1  106  心臓  20.1  [13]
 肺血流シンチ
99mTc-MAA)
 4  220  肺  14.5  [12]
 肺換気シンチ
99mTc-Technegas)
 4  404  肺  44.4  [12]
 甲状腺シンチ
99mTc-pertechnetate)
 3.5  215  甲状腺  4.7  [12]

[1] UNSCEAR 2008 Report, 2008.
[11] 第7回全国核医学診療実態調査報告書, Radioisotopes 62, 545-608, 2013.
[12] ICRP Publication 80 (Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals Addendum 2 to ICRP Publication 53). Ann. ICRP 28(3), 1998.
[13] ICRP Publication 106 (Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals Addendum 3 to ICRP Publication 53). Ann. ICRP 38(1-2), 2008.